Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paul Tabar and Jennifer Skulte-Ouaiss. Editors. Politics, Culture and the Lebanese Diaspora Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010. 406 pages. Hardcover $67.99Reviewed by Melanie TrexlerPolitics, Culture and the Lebanese Diaspora makes an important contribution to Diaspora studies, Middle Eastern studies, and Arab studies by highlighting the shift in political and cultural practices of Lebanese migrants and the identities they construct as a result of migration. A product of a 2007 conference sponsored by the Institute for Migration Studies at the Lebanese American University, the volume contains 24 essays from anthropological, historical, literary, and sociological perspectives. Essays examine the relationships between communal, national, and transnational components of the politics and culture of Lebanese living in Diaspora. Authors challenge the idea that and are static, fixed concepts and instead indicate that notions of homeland and identity are fluid constructs impacted by transnational politics in Lebanon and in the country of immigration.The book is divided into three sections: Identity and Multiculturalism, and and Literature and Media. The first section examines various factors that shape Lebanese identity, emphasizing that immigrants and their descendants constantly negotiate their identities based on past and present situations in both the homeland and country of immigration. Their efforts to assimilate into a new culture are often complicated by racial prejudices and the potential for the erasure of ethnic and cultural particularities. As Hyndman-Rizik argues in her essay, first and second generation Hadchiti immigrants adopted a white identity to assimilate in the US, but 9/11 interrupted the assimilation process. As a result, third and fourth generation Hadchitis embrace a hybridized identity described as HonkeyLebanese: people who look white on the outside and feel Lebanese on the inside (16). In their efforts to construct identities that connect both to the homeland and to the country of immigration, Lebanese living in geographically diverse locations respond to racial or ethnic categorization differently The responses include heritage projects as discussed in Rowe's essay about third and fourth generation Lebanese in New England, hip-hop music in Australia as described by Sabsabi and Mitchell, and art displays in Canada that demonstrate the connection between Lebanese and aboriginal peoples as described in the essay by Jamelie Hassan.The concept of home serves as an intellectual framework around which Lebanese living in Diaspora articulate and build their identity. As Dalia Abdelhady argues in 'The Myth of Return Reconsidered, migrants do not view home monolithically or even in terms of one specific place. Rather, migrants form cosmopolitan attachments and construct multiple notions of home through relationships and practices by which they maintain attachments to the homeland without desiring a physical return. According to Ghassan Hage, migrants' abilities to transplant their roots outside of the homeland enable them to embrace multiple forms of belonging and identity. However, negotiating multiple conceptions of home and identity is fraught with difficulties, as shown in Al-Ariss and Ozbilgin's essay on Lebanese skilled workers in France; Stasiulis and Amery's discussion of the emotional impact of dual citizenship on Lebanese-Australians and -Canadians following the 2006 war; and Farred's explanation of the politizen who lacks full citizenship rights. Problems arise for immigrants when multiple forms of identity clash or when immigrants disagree with the identity the host society projects onto them.In the second section, Politics and Activism, authors explore the ways in which migrants express their connection to the homeland and to the country of immigration through political activism. Jaulin examines the place of migrants in debates surrounding Lebanese voting rights and nationality from 1932 to 1943, arguing that these political contests reveal the struggle for power within the confessional system of Lebanon. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".