Police/Public Interaction: Arrests, Use of Force by Police, and Resulting Injuries to Subjects and Officers— A Description of Risk in One Major
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The controversy surrounding the temporal association of subject death in custody with the use of the conducted energy weapon (CEW) by law enforcement officers has identified the critical need for research to document the operational risk profile of use of force modalities, including the CEW. While several police agencies and independent research bodies in the United States have released information that suggests that the appropriate use of the CEW reduces officer and subject injuries (Angelosanto, 2003; Bozeman, 2007; Bozeman & Winslow, 2007; Butte County Law Enforcement, 2005/2006; Cape Coral Police Department, 2004; Cincinnati Police Department, 2005; Minneapolis Police Department, 2007; Orange County Sheriff’s Office/Florida Gulf Coast University Division of Justice, 2004), there is no epidemiological research that either supports or refutes this conclusion within the Canadian policing experience.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".