Kinetic Study of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Palladium Nanoparticles Supported in Thermally Treated Carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetic study of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using palladium nanoparticles supported in thermally-treated Vulcan® carbon as an electrocatalyst was developed in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The Vulcan® carbon was thermally treated at 400oC and 600°C. The Pd supported in thermally treated carbon (Pd/TTC) was synthesized by PdCl2 reduction with NaBH4 in water at 60°C. The thermally treated carbon (TTC) was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, whereas the morphology of Pd/TTC was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical activity was studied by rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques. The RDE result showed a high activity of the Pd/TTC towards the ORR, this reaction proceeds preferentially via a 4e- pathway. On the other hand, the hydrogen peroxide productions were 4.6% and 6.6% for Pd/(TTC at 400°C) and 600°C, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".