A Study of Flotation and Leaching Behaviour of Bornite and Chalocpyrite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the flotation and leaching behaviour of bornite and chalcopyrite when they are together as principal sulphide minerals.Bench scale flotation performance was examined both in the absence and in the presence of a collector, PEX.In the absence of a collector, chalcopyrite floated significantly better than bornite.In the presence of a collector there was a reversal in selectivity, with bornite recovery presiding over that of chalcopyrite.Chalcopyrite recovery was marginally improved from the collectorless flotation case while bornite experienced vastly improved recoveries in the presence of a collector to surpass the recovery of chalcopyrite.The gap between floatability of bornite and chalcopyrite became more prominent under oxygen-deficient conditions induced by nitrogen flotation, which significantly decreased flotation rate of both minerals, but the floatability of bornite was still much higher than that of chalcopyrite.It is suggested that galvanic interactions promote the interaction of bornite with a collector while retarding interactions of chalcopyrite with the collector.Collectorless flotation of chalcopyrite observed under oxidizing conditions using air is thought to be prevalent even in the presence of a collector obscuring the selectivity of the process.Leaching of the mixtures of bornite and chalcopyrite at mass ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 are performed under various conditions to investigate the possible changes in leaching behaviour in relation to galvanic interactions.Leaching at 90C in the presence of 0.1 M ferric ions in 0.1 M sulphuric acid provided the best results with 90% copper extraction from the mixtures in 6 hours.Observed copper extractions suggested increased copper extraction from chalcopyrite with this approach.The introduction of cupric and ferrous ions into solution, together with variation of solution potential made it difficult to assess in details on the effects of galvanic interactions due to these parameters being known to improve copper extraction from chalcopyrite.Galvanic interactions together with the presence of cupric ions were held mainly responsible for the increased copper extraction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".