EVALUATING THE ENERGY SAVINGS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING ENCLOSRE RETROFITS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Building enclosure retrofits for multi-unit residential buildings can result in significant energy savings when energy is a priority. Studies suggest up to a 90% reduction in space heating energy consumption could be achieved through a high performance building enclosure. However, such savings have not yet been confirmed through field measurement and verification. A high performance building enclosure retrofit was undertaken at a 13-storey multi-unit residential building in Vancouver, BC. The work was undertaken primarily as a renewals project, with energy conservation measures incorporated to also reduce energy consumption. The retrofit includes high performance windows (triple glazing, fibreglass frames), exterior wall insulation with low conductivity cladding attachment, and air sealing. Modeled energy savings predicted a 19% reduction in overall energy consumption, or a 68% reduction of in-suite space heating energy, realized through this retrofit. Whole building air leakage testing was performed before and after the retrofit to measure air tightness savings. Metered energy consumption was analyzed to determine the actual energy savings resulting from the enclosure retrofit through measurement and verification (M&V). This paper will detail the high performance enclosure retrofit undertaken at the case study building. M&V results are presented to show the actual energy savings resulting from the retrofit. Modeled savings are also compared to measured savings to assess the accuracy of the modeled predictions. Air tightness testing results are presented to show the air tightness improvements achievable through an enclosure retrofit, as well as the associated energy savings. Actual project capital costs and annual savings from the energy conservation measures are presented to show the payback period and financial viability of a high performance enclosure retrofit. The findings and lessons learned from this project will assist in planning for future high performance building enclosure retrofits to lower the energy consumption of the existing building stock.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".