diffusive model for evaporation of spherical water drops at room temperature and standard pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evaporation of drops at room temperature and atmospheric conditions is mainly impelled by diffusion of vapor.Diffusion of vapor is a function of vapor concentration gradient (VCG) at the drop surface.The developed model in this paper modifies the relations used for finding the VCG for drops.The relations in literature for evaporation of millimetric drops are based on the study of Maxwell, which was originally for evaporation from a wet bulb.The VCG according to Maxwell based models is stationary and a function of the inverse of the bulb radius.However, where one uses this model for millimetric drops, the VCG becomes time dependent and increases in time (as during the evaporation, drop radius decreases).Intuitively it is understandable that the VCG should decrease in time (notwithstanding the Kelvin effect for very small microscopic drops).In this study a diffusion model is developed which uses a time dependent VCG that decreases in time.The developed diffusion model is able to predict the evaporation time of millimetric water drops studied in literature as well as the ones studied in this study.It should be noted that Maxwell based models could not predict the evaporation time of such drops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".