Vegetative Propagation of Five Northern Forest Understory Plant Species from Either Rhizome or Stem Sections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five understory plants, Asarum canadense L., Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx., Sanguinaria canadensis L., Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb., of the Northeastern hardwood forests, and Oplopanax horridus (Sm.) Miq., of Western North American temperate forests, are of particular interest for horticultural and natural medicinal products industries. A rapid and efficient propagation method was needed to reproduce these plants vegetatively. To achieve this, the effect of 1000 mg·L −1 (for herbaceous species) or 3000 mg·L −1 (for O. horridus ) auxin (IBA) and/or cytokinin (kinetin) on the growth of rhizome (for A. canadense , C. thalictroides , S. canadensis , T. grandiflorum ) or stem sections (for O. horridus ) was investigated. Nontreated controls were included for each species and an additional control with an intact apical bud was included for A. canadense, S. canadensis , and T. grandiflorum . No vegetative propagation was obtained for T. grandiflorum . Survival of O. horridus and C. thalictroides propagating units was 60% to 80% and 90% to 100%, respectively, and both rooted well even in absence of growth regulators. Asarum canadense produced two times and S. canadensis three to four times more roots when treated with the IBA + kinetin or the IBA treatment, respectively, compared with the control rhizome sections without an apical bud. For these two species, the presence of an apical bud enhanced survival and/or shoot emergence and those rhizome sections produced on average more biomass than the other treatments. Our results showed that either rhizome or stem sections can provide an efficient method to propagate A. canadense, C. thalictroides, O. horridus , and S. canadensis and thus reduce pressure on wild populations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".