Novel Aspects of the Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Soils in the Canadian Arctic: Excavation and PRB Technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
North American military defense system established in the 1950s and became heavily contaminated with PCBs during its operational years. Remediation of this soil will be completed by the end of 2005. The scale of contamination coupled with fractured bedrock, topography, extreme weather conditions and remoteness of the site heighten the challenges of an effective remediation. Remediation through excavation of the PCB contaminated soil at Resolution Island began in 1999 and at its completion almost 5 tonnes of pure PCBs in approximately 25, 000 m3 of soil will have been remediated. Remediation strategies were based on both quantity of soil and level of contamination in the soil. Soils with PCB concentrations greater than 50 ppm were shipped off site to be incinerated at a licensed facility. Soil with concentrations of PCB between 5 and 50 ppm and 1 and 5 ppm were landfilled on site. The former were placed in a lined facility with sufficient top cover to permanently freeze the contents of the landfill while the latter were placed in an unlined facility. Inevitably some PCB contamination will remain in rock crevices and in inaccessible areas of the site. In addition, the excavation of the surface material will leave a small
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".