Effect of diltiazem isomers and thiamine on piglet liver microsomal peroxidation using dichlorofluorescein.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: We investigated a potential hepatoprotective role of d-cis diltiazem, l-cis diltiazem, thiamine and the combination d-cis diltiazem and thiamine against lipid peroxidation in a piglet liver microsomal model. A modified in vitro dichlorofluorescein assay was developed to assess the extent of peroxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species in the piglet liver microsomal fraction. METHODS: Microsomal membrane fraction, obtained from 3 week old female piglets, was treated with either the biologically vasoactive d-cis diltiazem or the non-vasoactive stereoisomer l-cis diltiazem (5-1000 microM) for 1 hour at 37 degrees C followed by one hour incubation with the free radical generator AAPH (2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; 1 mM) to initiate lipid peroxidation. In a separate study, piglet liver microsomes were pre-treated with d-cis diltiazem (50 or 500 microM) and thiamine (10-100 microM) to assess the antioxidant activity of the combination. RESULTS: A dose dependant inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation was observed with d-cis diltiazem (p<0.05) but not with l-cis diltiazem, suggesting that diltiazem is stereospecific in protecting against microsomal lipid peroxidation. Combining diltiazem with thiamine further protected microsomes against lipid peroxidation compared to use of individual drugs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that diltiazem and the combination of diltiazem and thiamine offers a hepatoprotective effect against free radicals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".