Radiographic Assessment and Surgical Implications of Arcuate Eminence Pneumatization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach is a valuable yet technically challenging technique. Identification of the superior semicircular canal (SCC) using the arcuate eminence (AE) was proposed as a surface landmark. However, the AE is sometimes absent, with inconsistent relationship to the SCC. Air cells in the AE area facilitate safer identification of the SCC. The aim of this study is to determine the radiographic prevalence of AE pneumatization. METHODS: Two hundred consecutive fine-cut temporal bone CT scans were retrospectively reviewed. The region of the petrosal bone at and above the level of the SCC dome was assessed for the presence of air cells, and graded 0 (no pneumatization) to 2 (well pneumatized). RESULTS: Four hundred temporal bones were studied. The average age was 49 years (range 18-89). Of all AE assessments, 47 (12%) were nonpneumatized, 62 (15%) partially pneumatized, and 291 (73%) well pneumatized. There was no significant correlation between patient age and pneumatization grade (p = 0.72). CONCLUSION: The SCC is a valuable landmark in MCF surgery as it holds consistent relationships to adjacent critical structures. Surrounding air cells should facilitate safer initial identification of the SCC, as the AE region is well pneumatized in 73% of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".