Patterning in northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus) click trains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus ) are large toothed whales of the family Ziphiidae; the beaked whales. They are known to produce various types of click vocalizations including upswept pulses that occur at regular interclick intervals (ICI), buzz clicks that occur at high repetition rates, and more variable surface clicks that often occur in rapid succession with increasing or decreasing ICIs. During northern bottlenose whale focused field studies conducted in July and August 2006 in the Gully submarine canyon off Nova Scotia, Canada, acoustic recordings were collected using a two-element towed hydrophone array. Recordings were made during and/or shortly after northern bottlenose whales were observed at the surface. Examination of these recordings revealed northern bottlenose whale click trains occurring with unusual temporal patterns that have not previously been described. Most notably, several “doublet click trains” consisting of pairs of clicks with a typical ICI separated by longer ICIs (often more than three times the length of typical ICIs) were recorded on multiple days. This presentation will describe these atypical click trains in greater detail. Further research is required to determine the prevalence of these patterned click trains in the northern bottlenose vocal repertoire and their function. This study highlights that there is still much to learn about northern bottlenose whale vocal behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".