Thromboelastography cups and pins for improved blood coagulation testing: surface modification by plasma coating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the current challenges to render the performance of bio-technologies such as thromboelastography (TEG) more reliable is the development of new materials; in the case of TEG, control of the coagulation properties of anticoagulated blood plasma and unmodified whole blood are currently not satisfactory. Plastic cups used to hold the blood sample being analyzed are made of “Cyrolite”, a type of methacrylate, in which the clotting processes starting between 15 to 60 min are uncontrollable. The contact coagulation pathway can be triggered by selective adsorption of Factor XII to negatively charged surfaces, such as silicates, which alters the protein conformation to expose a serine protease active site. We began with the hypothesis that surface-modification of TEG cups and pins will change the coagulation behavior of recalcified, citrated human blood plasma and of unmodified human whole blood: The presence of (positively-charged) amine groups should inhibit clotting, while (negatively-charged) carboxylate (-COO - ) groups should accelerate it [1,2]. Therefore, surfaces of TEG cups and pins were modified so as to change their properties, for example their surface chemistry and free-energy, and thereby to promote reproducible, rapid clotting time. This is being examined by using four different types of glow-discharge plasma deposits: (i) “low-pressure N-containing plasma-polyethylene” (L-PPE:N), rich in primary amine groups [3]; (ii) its O-containing counterpart (L-PPE:O) with COO - groups; (iii) plasmapolymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (PP-HMDSO), to create a hydrophobic surface [4]; and (iv) silica (SiO2, glass-like coating) from a HMDSO/O2-Ar mixture. TEG cups and pins with these different surfaces were tested for the coatings’ influence on TEG performance. Custommade metal electrode-moulds assured complete contact with the cups’ slightly tapered outer walls, while silicon wafers placed inside the cups and XPS analyses were used to monitor uniformity and composition of deposits. Preliminary data show that anionic coatings tended to accelerate coagulation of recalcified human plasma, while cationic ones slightly delayed coagulation time. These observations are consistent with differential interaction of the modified TEG cups with clotting factors of the contact pathway such as Factor XII.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".