Long period swells break up the Canadian Beaufort Sea pack ice in September 2009
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the summer of 2009, ice observations were made using Electromagnetic, Video and Laser sensors mounted on an helicopter that was stationed on the CCGS Amundsen while she traversed the Canadian Beaufort Sea pack ice from August 28 to September 12. The Arctic pack ice encountered was made up of thin “rotten” first year ice, 50-75cm thick and thicker second year ice 2-3m thick containing melt ponds. The pack ice did not represent an obstacle to the icebreaker which moved at full speed to well above 75 o N latitude (Fig. 1). Upon arriving on September 6 at the “Multi-Year Ice” station within the thicker, consolidated pack ice, long period swells with a period of 13.5sec at the start and reducing in time appeared coming from the NW. They were present for 2 days and broke up the large 2-3km ice floes into smaller floes of less than 100m. The video camera and laser mounted on the helicopter documented the break-up of the floes. Data collected along long West-East flight paths showed that the long period swells, generated by a distant storm, penetrated 350km into the pack ice, breaking up and diverging the pack ice without any ridging. This process will enhance the thermodynamic and dynamic processes of pack ice decay (Toyota et al., 2006 and Squire et al., 2009) that should be included in ice-ocean climate models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".