Potato mop-top virus - An Emerging Problem in the Columbia Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A potato pathogen that is increasing in importance in the Columbia Basin is Potato mop-top virus (PMTV). This virus differs from the other major potato viruses in that it is transmitted by the powdery scab “fungus,” Spongospora subterranea, rather than by insects or nematodes. The classic symptoms of PMTV infection in tubers include various arcs, rings, and blotches that can resemble symptoms caused by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). PMTV has been a problem in parts of South America and northern Europe for decades. It has been particularly troublesome in parts of Scotland, Scandinavia, and the Baltic countries. In the United States, PMTV was first reported in Maine in 2003. In 2004, a Canadian research team published the results of a survey for PMTV in potato tubers destined for shipment between the U.S. and Canada. They reported that PMTV was found in numerous lots of tubers, although there were no symptoms observed in the tubers. They reported that the virus was found in a total of approximately 4% of tuber lots from the “western,” “central,” and “eastern” regions of the U.S. and Canada, however a detailed list of the origin of infected samples was not published at that time. Since then, PMTV has been “officially” reported in North Dakota, Idaho, and Washington. In contrast to the symptomless tubers tested by the Canadians, the tubers from ND, ID, and WA showed varying levels of spots, rings, and concentric arcs typical of PMTV infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".