Experimental evidence simultaneously confirms and contests assumptions implicit to otolith microchemistry research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Otolith microchemistry has become an integral fisheries tool, yet the utility of this tool hinges on the assumptions that (i) elements are temporally stable once deposited in the otolith and (ii) the influence of maternal effects are temporally limited. Here we test these assumptions by quantifying through time the chemical signatures from two families of brown trout (Salmo trutta), differing in maternal life history (i.e., mothers were either anadromous or nonanadromous). Concentrations of zinc, strontium, and barium were temporally stable in the core signatures between different aged siblings, but significant differences in the elemental concentrations of magnesium and manganese were detected. The Sr concentration (indicative of maternal influence) on the growing surface of otoliths converged briefly between families at 3–5 weeks post-emergence, but never stabilized during the course of the experiment. Taken together, these results both confirm and call into question assumptions implicit to otolith microchemistry research. To the extent that the patterns observed here are representative across species, caution is warranted when using otolith microchemistry to address certain types of ecological questions in nature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".