Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the 1995 spring bloom in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the photic zone was separated into low-molecular-weight and colloidal size fractions by cross-flow ultrafiltration. DOC, colloidal organic carbon (COC) and low-molecular-weight organic carbon (LOC) were then analyzed by high-temperature catalytic oxidation. COC (associated with the production of phytoplankton exudates) did not follow the concentration of bulk chlorophyll a (chl a) or the total number of phytoplankton cells. Instead, surface-active COC (that adhered to the ultrafil- tration system) was produced early during the bloom when the diatom Skelewnema costatum was at a maximum. Later on, as the bloom began to decline, less surface-active COC (that remained largely free of the ultrafiltration surfaces) was produced and was associated more with variations in cell number of Chaetoceros socialis, the predominant diatom for most of the bloom. These results suggest that chl a or the total number of phytoplankton cells may not be reliable indices of the production of COC. On the contrary, the results suggest that relatively high COC concentrations were associated with specific diatom species. In addition, the maximum amount of COC was associated during the early stages of the bloom with a diatom (S.costatum) that was a small fraction (<5.6%) of total phyto- plankton cell number. This Ending, that relatively large amounts of colloids were associated with exopolymer production during the onset and development of a bloom, does not agree with reports sug- gesting that the production of exopolymers by diatoms is primarily an end-of-bloom occurrence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.985 | 0.987 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".