Social Security Reform in Turkey: Different Usages of Europe in Shaping the National Welfare Reform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social security reform in Turkey involved the restructuring of pension and health care systems and the administrative reform of social secu-rity institutions with enacted reform laws in 2008. This study focuses on the usages of Europe in the social security reform process in Turkey adopting an actor- based Europeanization theoretical framework to understand how EU membership process has shaped the development of social policy at the national level in Turkey (Graziano, Jacquot and Palier, introduction to this volume). The reform represents a major restructuring of the pensions, health care system and the administra-tive structure of the social security institutions formulated and imple-mented by the Justice and Development Party (JDP [ Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – AKP ]) government from 2003–08. The reform of the pensions, health care system and administrative structure represents a change in the multiple dimensions of the policy structure: national health insurance aimed at covering all segments of the population as a policy goal, changes in the parameters of pension system concerned princi-ples and financial instruments and administrative unification changed the operational mechanisms. Accordingly, changes included elements of universalist policy orientation such as the administrative unifica-tion and health care reforms as well as elements of “retrenchment” represented with the reform of the pension system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".