Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study is a phonetic description of Plains Cree, an indigenous language spoken in Alberta. This study investigates the acoustic characteristics of the vowel space and instances of reduction in Maskwacîs Plains Cree. Three female native speakers of Plains Cree translated words from English into Plains Cree, which contained vowels in word medial stressed and unstressed positions. The data collected indicates that the Maskwacîs dialect vowel space differs from the structure attested in previous work on Plains Cree by Muehlbauer (2012). While the present data are similar in that phonologically “long” and “short” vowels differed in both quality and duration, we do not find a qualitative difference for the long and short /o/ vowels. Expanding upon this data, we investigated instances of reduction using the standard written form of the word as an indication of the expected pronunciation. Focusing on reduction of glide-onset syllables participants were asked to translate a series of words producing a maximal set of glide-onset syllables in word initial, medial, and final positions. A comparison was made between items using the accepted orthographic representation and a phonetic representation. Results of this investigation identify four noteworthy types of reduction in Maskwacîs Plains Cree: fusion of /j/ near high front vowels, assimilation of /i/ to [u] when preceding a /w/, fusion of /w/ when near high back vowels, and reduction in the form of halplology. While more research is necessary to truly begin understanding the amount of phonetic variation in Plains Cree, we hope that this contributes to our general understanding of the sound system of Plains Cree.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".