Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two-particle pseudorapidity correlations are measured in $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$, $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}p$+Pb, and $\sqrt{s}=13\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), with total integrated luminosities of approximately $7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{b}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, 28 ${\mathrm{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and 65 ${\mathrm{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively. The correlation function ${C}_{\mathrm{N}}({\ensuremath{\eta}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{2})$ is measured as a function of event multiplicity using charged particles in the pseudorapidity range $|\ensuremath{\eta}|<2.4$. The correlation function contains a significant short-range component, which is estimated and subtracted. After removal of the short-range component, the shape of the correlation function is described approximately by $1+{\ensuremath{\langle}{a}_{1}^{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}}^{1/2}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{1}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{2}$ in all collision systems over the full multiplicity range. The values of $\ensuremath{\langle}{a}_{1}^{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}{}^{1/2}$ are consistent for the opposite-charge pairs and same-charge pairs, and for the three collision systems at similar multiplicity. The values of $\ensuremath{\langle}{a}_{1}^{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}{}^{1/2}$ and the magnitude of the short-range component both follow a power-law dependence on the event multiplicity. The short-range component in $p$ + Pb collisions, after symmetrizing the proton and lead directions, is found to be smaller at a given $\ensuremath{\eta}$ than in $pp$ collisions with comparable multiplicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".