Air pollution impacts and sources under a changing climate:A case study for Scunthorpe, UK
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Climate change may affect local air quality by altering the emission, dispersion, chemical transformation and deposition of air pollutants. This study evaluates the effects of climate change in a real-life mixed land-use situation where there are adjacent urban and industrial activities and also fugitive emissions from stockpiles and unpaved roads. For this example we show how wind-speed and time-of-day dependent ‘bi-polar plots ’ created from ambient monitoring data can be used to learn more about the nature of sources responsible for exceedances of particulate matter air quality standards, and hence to assess how sensitive their impacts are to climate change. Unpaved roads and wind-blown fugitive sources such as stockpiles and coal handling beds in the industrial area appear to contribute substantially to raised air-quality impacts. The effect of climate change on impacts from these sources may differ from its effect on impacts from conventional combustion sources. Key words: particulate matter; fugitive source; climate change; industrial regulation. 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".