Odonata of Coastal Peatland Habitats Adjacent to Lake Superior in Wisconsin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We sampled adults and exuviae of Odonata in eleven coastal fens and poor fens near Lake Superior in Douglas, Bayfield, and Ashland counties in Wisconsin to determine species that were breeding in these areas, and gain knowledge about their relative abundances, flight periods, and nymphal habitats. The flora in these fens was characterized by mats of Sphagnum mosses, a variety of ericaceous shrubs, and a number of sedges, among which Carex lasiocarpa Ehrhart (slender sedge) was most dominant. We averaged seven visits per site from early June through September, 2004, to cover the flight periods of most species of Odonata at this latitude. Fifty species of Odonata were identified at the sites, 33 of which exhibited evidence of breeding. Species commonly breeding in the fens included Lestes disjunctus Selys (northern spreadwing), Coenagrion resolutum (Hagen in Selys) (taiga bluet), Enallagma hageni (Walsh) (Hagen’s bluet), Nehalennia irene (Hagen) (sedge sprite), Aeshna canadensis Walker (Canada darner), Williamsonia fletcheri Williamson (ebony boghaunter), Leucorrhinia frigida Hagen (frosted whiteface), L. glacialis Hagen (crimson-ringed whiteface), L. hudsonica (Selys) (Hudsonian whiteface), Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus (four-spotted skimmer), Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen) (white-faced meadowhawk), and S. vicinum (Hagen) (autumn meadowhawk). Eight uncommon species were found to breed in at least one of the fens, including Lestes eurinus Say (amber-winged spreadwing), Aeshna sitchensis Hagen (zigzag darner), A. tuberculifera Walker (black-tipped darner), A. verticalis Hagen (green-striped darner), Somatochlora incurvata Walker (incurvate emerald), W. fletcheri, Nannothemis bella (Uhler) (elfin skimmer), and Sympetrum danae (Sulzer) (black meadowhawk). W. fletcheri and S. danae were found to be more common in these habitats than previously thought, causing their rarity status with the Natural Heritage Inventory of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to be relaxed, and they will no longer be actively tracked. Emergence and flight periods of Odonata in coastal peatlands began at least a week later than in similar inland peatlands in these counties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".