Short communication: Ultrasonographic assessment of lung consolidation postweaning and survival to the first lactation in dairy heifers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the association of systematic thoracic ultrasonography findings postweaning on calves' survivability to the first lactation. Three-month-old Jersey heifers (n=250) returning from a custom heifer grower were scanned by thoracic ultrasonography and lungs assessed using a scoring system with a scale from 1 to 4. A score of 1 was attributed to calves with no abnormality. A score of 2 was assigned if multiple comet tails or B-lines (coalescence of multiple comet tails) were observed. A score of 3 was assigned to calves with ≥1 location of lung consolidation ≥1 cm but <6 cm. Calves with extensive consolidation (≥6 cm in one or more locations) or evidence of abscessation or pleural effusion (>1 cm) were assigned a score of 4. Calves with a score of 4 had greater risk of dying or being culled [26% (95% credibility interval: 13-47%)] than calves with a score of 1 [1% (0-6%)], 2 [3% (1-9%)], or 3 [5% (1-17%)]. We found no association between age of first calving in the remaining calves and lung score. Thus, lung lesion severity assessed by thoracic ultrasound is associated with a long-term production outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".