Ultrasound-guided thoracic epidural and paravertebral blocks for cholecystectomy in pediatric patients with a cyanotic heart disease: A randomized controlled study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BackgroundPerioperative pain treatment in pediatrics is often insufficient. This study aimed to compare between two different analgesic procedures used for open cholecystectomy in pediatrics with left (LT) to right (RT) shunt.Methods40 patients with age ranging from 2 to 5 years were submitted for elective open cholecystectomy procedures in congenital non-cyanotic heart diseases. After general anesthesia, they were randomized into two groups according to the type of analgesia given, 20 patients in each group. They were either epidural group (group A) or paravertebral group (group B). Hemodynamics including heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and central venous pressure (CVP), were recorded. Pain score, arterial blood gases (ABG), first request for analgesic requirement, and total postoperative consumption of fentanyl (μg/kg) were detected.ResultsChildren’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) pain score, total fentanyl requirement and the time for first request of analgesic requirement were comparable in both groups. Hemodynamic parameters (HR–MAP–CVP) and the oxygenation parameters in the form of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were significantly decreased in the epidural group than paravertebral group as P < 0.05.ConclusionBoth blocks have the same analgesic efficacy but the paravertebral block is superior on epidural block in maintaining hemodynamic stability and improving the oxygenation in pediatrics with a cyanotic heart diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".