Panic Attacks and Their Relation to Psychological and Physical Functioning in Canadians: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: US-based studies have suggested that panic attacks (PA) are common and associated with an increased prevalence of mental disorders and poorer quality of life, and may be a marker of severe psychopathology. Using a population-based survey with a greater sample size than has been previously used, we sought to determine the prevalence rates and correlates of PAs among Canadians aged 15 years and older. METHOD: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition classification was used to determine the past-year prevalence of PAs in the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being (n = 36,984, aged 15 and older, response rate = 77%). Psychological and physical function variables were compared among people with PAs, with panic disorder (PD), and without PAs. RESULTS: The prevalence of past-year PAs was 6.4%. Compared to people without PAs, those with PAs had poorer overall functioning for disability, mental disorders, suicidal ideation, psychological distress, restriction of activity, chronic physical conditions, psychological well-being, and self-rated physical and mental health. PD was associated with poorer overall functioning than PAs for numerous variables; however, there were no significant differences between these 2 panic groups for several other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Though associated with less severe impairment than PD in some domains, PAs are associated with mental health problems and reduced overall psychological and physical functioning and may be an indicator of more severe psychopathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".