After the Cold War: Adaptation, Persistence and Assertion, 1991—2001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The end of the Cold War, marked by the unraveling of the Soviet bloc in 1990 and more dramatically by the unexpected disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, transformed the nature of the international system from a bipolar order to a semi-unipolar one that was now presided over by the US as the sole superpower. The event also sparked a profound resurgence of US, and in a broader sense Western, triumphalism. With its awesome capabilities, including those emergent from the revolution in military affairs (RMA), the US was, in the aftermath of the end of the Cold War, now determined to remain the sole superpower. This determination was set forth in an emphatic fashion in the draft Defense Planning Guidance Paper of 1992: Our first objective is to prevent the reemergence of a new rival, either on the territory of the former Soviet Union or elsewhere. … This is a dominant consideration … and requires that we endeavor to prevent any hostile power from dominating a region whose resources would, under consolidated control, be sufficient to generate global power. … Our strategy must now refocus on precluding the emergence of any potential future global competitor. Following the lead of the guidance paper, one US scholar demanded, more colorfully, that the US “be the global hegemon of the regional hegemons, the boss of all the bosses.” The US political leadership itself was not far behind in expressing this self-perception of the US as the one indispensable nation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".