Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gaining access to blood circulation has been a major breakthrough of modern medical care and, despite the evolution of dialysis technology, vascular access (VA) remains the main impediment in providing quantity as well as quality of life to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient. The external Scribner shunt and the internal Brescia/Cimino arteriovenous fistula (AVF) opened the way for further advancements such as graft angioaccess and other sophisticated devices. Forty years later, the radio-cephalic fistula remains the VA with the longest patency and the lowest complications. Although various technical solutions can be adopted for constructing access to the patient's vessels, the nephrologist must bear in mind that every VA in the upper limb, lower limb or body wall needs a run-in and a run-off: currently, thrombosis of the central vessels due to the excessive widespread use of central venous catheters (CVCs) emerge as a substantial cause of hemodialysis (HD) morbidity and mortality. Moreover, as there is a risk of central vein stenosis, even 2 weeks after catheter placement, and an impaired venous outflow precludes the creation of any VA and sometimes the placement of a kidney transplant in the iliac fossa for many years, we agree with McGill et al, who in 2005 said that ''expansion of catheter access may contribute to the reduced survival of hemodialysis patients in the United States''.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".