Pax3 induces cell aggregation and regulates phenotypic mesenchymal-epithelial interconversion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paired box-containing transcription factors play fundamental roles in pattern formation during embryonic development of diverse organisms ranging from Drosophila to mammals. Although mutations to Pax3 and other Pax-family genes in both mice and humans result in numerous tissue-specific morphological defects, little is known about the cellular processes that Pax genes regulate. We show that extopic Pax3 expression in two distinct phenotypically mesenchymal mammalian cell lines induces the formation of multi-layered condensed cell aggregates with epithelial characteristics. For one of these lines, we showed further that Pax3-induced cell aggregation is accompanied by specific morphological changes, including a significant reduction in cell size, altered cell shape and dramatic alterations to both membrane and cytoskeleton architecture. In addition to mediating a phenotypic mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, Pax3 also establishes the conditions in these cells for a subsequent hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF)-induced phenotypic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Thus, our data show a novel morphogenetic activity for Pax3 which, when absent in vivo, is predicted to give rise to the observed structural defects in somites and the neural tube during embryonic development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".