Lodgepole pine seedset increase by mesh bagging is due to exclusion of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. var latifolia) seed orchards in British Columbia, Canada, suffer from low seedset problems. Seedset can be improved by installing mesh bags over the second-year cones. One mechanism of improved seedset has been shown to be exclusion of the seed-feeding western conifer seedbug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, but the possibility of microclimate alteration leading to improved seedset has not been carefully explored. I measured the internal cone temperatures of cones both inside and outside mesh bags, as well as the relative humidity around cones both inside and outside bags. I also installed time-lapse cameras that, every 5 minutes, photographed unbagged cones situated near bagged cones, and examined the photographs for feeding by L. occidentalis. Internal temperatures of cones inside bags were warmer, accumulated more heat units, and had higher peak temperatures than cones outside bags. Humidity was slightly higher inside bags in late season, particularly during rainy days. The evidence did not support the hypothesis that microclimate change is the cause of improved seedset inside bags. On the other hand, the cameras documented extensive feeding by L. occidentalis on unbagged cones, and showed a strong correlation between the amount of time a cone was fed upon and the subsequent seedset. Therefore the increase in seedset due to the mesh bags is not related to microclimate change, but is caused by exclusion of L. occidentalis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".