The role of seasonality and non‐lethal carry‐over effects on density‐dependent dispersal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding dispersal is critical for predicting a wide range of ecological dynamics. Variation in intraspecific density is widely regarded as a major factor influencing dispersal rates but it is not clear why dispersal is positively related to density in some systems and negatively related to density in other systems. Using seasonal populations of Drosophila melanogaster , we experimentally show that dispersal rates are both positively related to breeding density at the time of dispersal and negatively related to density at the beginning of the previous non‐breeding season. This suggests that flies use density at the time of dispersal as a cue for habitat quality but are also negatively influenced by the delayed, non‐lethal effects of density in the previous season. A parameterized model indicates that a carry‐over effect not only causes a decrease in the proportion of individuals that disperse, but also a decrease in population size caused by lower per capita breeding output. Our results demonstrate how density can have contrasting effects on dispersal and population size depending on when density is measured in the annual cycle and that non‐lethal effects on individuals can have important, but previously unrecognized, consequences for both the movement rates and long‐term dynamics of seasonal populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".