Parametric Investigation of the Flow-Excited Acoustic Resonance From Multiple In-Line Cylinders in Cross-Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the flow-excited acoustic resonance of an in-line row of cylinders ranging from one to five is investigated. Cylinders of three different diameters of 12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, and 25.4 mm are tested in cross flow with flow speeds up to 160 m/s. Two different tube lengths of 76.2 mm and 127 mm are used to investigate the effect of the cylinder’s aspect ratio at a given diameter on the excitation mechanism of acoustic resonance. A fixed spacing ratio of L/D = 2 is used for all cases. For more than one cylinder of the larger diameter, the self-excitation of resonance occurs at two discrete flow velocity regions that are generally wider than the case of a single cylinder. A larger diameter does not only trigger the excitation of the pre-coincidence resonance region, but also increases the normalized acoustic pressure of this pre-coincidence resonance. On the contrary, the cylinder’s aspect ratio does not have a similar effect on the pre-coincidence and coincidence resonance regions. Therefore, it is important that the effect of diameter should be included in formulas predicting the occurrence of resonance for in-line tube bundles. In addition, the Strouhal number related to the coincidence resonance decreases with the increase in the number of cylinders. The coincidence resonance is related to the vortex shedding in the wake of the last cylinder, while the pre-coincidence resonance is related to the shear layer in the gap between successive cylinders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".