Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2001, the 4th Doha Ministerial Conference adopted the decision on Providing Information on Export Values, which was suggested by India in 1999. And it seemed to be desirable to developing countries in which they have relatively high tariffs and they are likely to have lowly-declared value. However, due to the opposition by some developed countries such as US, EC, Canada, and Korea, concerning that it might hamper the rule on Transaction Value under the Customs Valuation Agreement of the WTO, it was decided under the circumstances that it is allowed by domestic rule of exporting countries. In this regard, developed countries suggested that post-clearance auditing system, intelligence-based risk assessment system, reform of administration system, capacity building and technical assistance efforts should be made for an effective valuation control. As a matter of fact, the decision on providing the information on export values has some problems in achieving substantial effect, if the customs authorities of exporting countries refuse it on the grounds of domestic law. However, I believe that Draft of Guide to the Exchange of Customs Valuation Information made by the WCO Technical Committee on Customs Valuation under the mandate of Ire WTO Committee on Customs Valuation at the end of 2002 can be a practical guideline for valuation control.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".