ASSESSING EDGE AVOIDANCE AND AREA SENSITIVITY OF RED-EYED VIREOS IN SOUTHCENTRAL ONTARIO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We assessed edge avoidance, area sensitivity, and the relationship between local and regional forest cover for nesting Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) in 13 forest fragments (1–2,353 ha in size) in southcentral Ontario, Canada. Red-eyed Vireo territories and nests were not significantly farther from the edge than random points in any of the forest fragments, and there was no relationship between the probability of a male pairing and the distance of the territory from the edge of the forest fragment. The density of singing males and the probability of a male being paired increased significantly with increasing local forest cover within a 2-km radius of a study site, but not with forest fragment area or regional forest cover within a 10-km radius. Nest success was low and the probability of a nest being parasitized by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) or successfully fledging ≥1 host young did not vary with distance of the nest from the forest edge or with any of our area or forest cover measures. Red-eyed Vireos did not display edge avoidance nor did they appear to be area sensitive within our study region, but there was a positive relationship with the amount of local (2-km radius) forest cover. Maintaining localized regions with high forest cover has been recommended on numerous occasions for the conservation of area sensitive species; our results suggest high forest cover also may benefit species that do not appear to be area sensitive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".