Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of the Polysaccharides Extracted from Soybean Curd Residue Fermented by Flammulina velutipes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p class="1Body">The water-soluble polysaccharides content of soybean curd residue fermented by <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> was about 7 times higher than unfermented one and more than 4 times higher than <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> fruiting body. The optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction method (80 °C, 20 min, 80 W and solid-liquid ratio of 1 g/30 mL) showed a water-soluble polysaccharides extraction yield of 7.88% which was higher than that of hot-water extraction method (6.11%). Moreover, the crude polysaccharides were purified and the main components showed strong activities on DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 0.21 mg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging (IC50 0.42 mg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50 0.28 mg/mL) and SOD-like activity (IC50 0.88 mg/mL). The results indicated that the fermentation method could be used as a new approach for bio-active polysaccharides production and a new method for reusing the food industrial waste. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method could be considered as a more efficient method in polysaccharides extraction process. Furthermore, the fermented soybean curd residue could be expected as a new source of antioxidant with the further research value.</p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".