The Uptake of Sustainable Wastes Management : the Case of Electronic Medical Equipment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le systeme de sante est un secteur hautement reglemente jouant un role important au sein de l’economie canadienne. En 2007, la sante representait environ 11% du produit national brut, pour une somme s’elevant a pres de 160 milliards $. Les hopitaux occupent une place strategique au sein du systeme de sante. Ils generent donc une quantite de dechets qui est proportionnelle a leur importance. Le taux de generation de dechets des hopitaux nord-americains varie entre 1,5 et 3,9 kg par lit par jour. La litterature indique qu’environ 80% de ces dechets sont de nature domestique, le 20% restant est constitue de dechets cliniques. Lorsque certains dechets infectes, hasardeux ou radioactifs sont manipules inadequatement, mis au rebut ou elimines incorrectement, ils peuvent representer un danger direct pour les travailleurs oeuvrant en sante et pour le grand public. Dans un rapport datant de 2002, l’Organisation Mondiale de la Sante recommande aux autorites sanitaires d’elaborer un plan de gestion des dechets de la sante afin d’assurer, des pratiques securitaires, efficaces et environnementales. Dans la lancee de ce rapport, cette initiative de recherche propose d’identifier un produit cle qui soit particulierement significatif pour la gestion durable des dechets de la sante : les equipements et machines electroniques utilises par les hopitaux pour les divers soins de sante, depuis le diagnostic jusqu’au traitement des patients. Ces equipements et machines electroniques comme par exemple les systemes d’imagerie medicale, les pompes a infusion, les defibrillateurs, les sphygmomanometres ou les thermometres numeriques sont de plus en plus presents dans les hopitaux et autres institutions.---------- ABSTRACT The healthcare is a highly regulated sector and an important economic actor. According to the latest statistics, close to 10,6% of Canada’s GDP is devoted to healthcare and the healthcare system is the third largest employer in the country with 1,9 million employees Hospitals play a strategic and central role in the healthcare sector, are complex systems and, generate huge amounts of wastes that have adverse effect on human health and on the environment. It seems therefore rather pertinent to propose a framework for sustainable wastes management in the healthcare sector, and more specifically for the wastes generated by hospitals. A sustainable wastes management framework implies that healthcare wastes are minimized, even eliminated. It also requires strong product stewardship and adequate options at the end of product life cycle. It therefore points to a network of organizations that provides or arranges to provide a coordinated continuum of wastes management activities. A field study was conducted in order to obtain some preliminary empirical evidence on such network and gain insights into hospital wastes management. The main results from the field study are as follows. First, entities of the inter-organizational network for wastes could be identified and their respective roles could be outlined. The five broad groups of entities may be retained, namely the suppliers that provide the necessary inputs for hospitals' activities, the hospitals themselves which consume these inputs and transform them into waste, the waste treatment and disposal organizations that handle, treat, recycle and dispose of wastes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".