Bibliographic record
Abstract
Occurrence of guanine-rich sequences throughout the genome at specific locations like chromosomal ends (telomeres), promoters and Untranslated regions (UTR's) is very well documented. Quite recently, visualization of guanine-quadruplex in human and mammalian cells have also provided a very significant evidence for the in vivo existence of guanine-quadruplex, reconfirming their biological relevance in cellular processes like replication, transcription, recombination, etc. Guanine quadruplexes have enormous potential of exhibiting various topologies which differ, by number/ orientation of strands or loop orientations etc. Some relatively new polymorphic structures like 3+1 quadruplex, G-triplex, and Tri-G-quadruplex have also been proposed for the guanine-rich sequences. Various biochemical and biophysical techniques have been used to characterize these multistranded DNA structures. An extensive review of the mechanistic models of the already existing and newly emerging techniques is actually required, which may further facilitate our understanding about these structures. This review aims to summarize some of these techniques along with their requirements and limitations, which might further give some insights for the fine tuning of the solution and environmental conditions needed for facilitating guanine-quadruplex formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".