Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) was first isolated from the marine Goby fish and subsequently found active in the mammalian cardiovascular system. UII interaction with its receptor UT is pseudo-irreversible suggesting that alterations in UT expression may be an important determinant of functionality. More recently UII has been implicated in diseases such as diabetes, renal dysfunction and in particular heart failure. Indeed there is evidence of upregulation of UII and possibly UT in heart failure.\nData from 40 elective coronary artery bypass surgery patients are presented. Ejection fraction (EF) was assessed using pre-operative trans-thoracic echocardiography and ventriculography. Intra-operative trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE) was performed in 22 cases. The following questions have been addressed;\n1. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) is there a relationship between myocardial or aortic UT and plasma UII and left ventricular systolic function?\n2. Is there any relationship between atrial and aortic UT expression?\n3. Is there a relationship between myocardial or aortic UT and plasma UII and preoperative\nNew York Heart Association Grade of Dyspnoea (NYHA) or Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Severity (CCSA) score? According to pre-operative EF (Normal>50%, Moderate 30-50% and Poor<30%) right atrial and thoracic aortic UT expression was similar in patients with normal, moderate and poor systolic function. Using intra-operative TOE (mid-oesophageal 2-chamber view) there was an inverse relationship between right atrial UT and EF. Mean plasma UII was elevated compared with healthy (historical) controls. No significant correlation was detected between right atrial and thoracic aortic UT. Right atrial and thoracic aortic UT was similar in patients with increasing dypsnoea (NYHA) and angina (CCSA) severity.\nThis is the first study to simultaneously measure UT, UII and cardiovascular function in pre-bypass patients. Collectively these data suggest that UT is not globally up-regulated and may even be down-regulated within the right atrium of patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".