Information travels in massless fields in 1+1 dimensions where energy cannot
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that, in 1+1 spacetime dimensions, massless fields can be used for information transmission even between parties that are time-like rather than light-like separated—and even without the receiver obtaining any energy from the sender. Here, it is shown that this phenomenon is not limited to a particular model of signaling device, but is based on general properties of the quantum field: energy propagates strictly only on the lightcone, whereas perturbations to the field amplitude, which can carry information, also permeate the inside of the future lightcone of the sender. It is also shown that this time-like and energyless signaling in massless fields occurs in Dirichlet cavities, which shows that the phenomenon is not confined to setups with a zero mode. Moreover, it is shown that the phenomenon extends beyond perturbation theory, namely by deriving the phenomenon non-perturbatively for the case where the sender and receiver systems are modeled as harmonic oscillators. To illustrate the propagation of energy in massless fields, the energy density that results from temporarily coupling an Unruh–DeWitt detector at rest to the vacuum of the field is calculated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".