Stigma, sexual health, and human rights among women who have sex with women in Lesotho
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, gender and sexual minorities have become increasingly visible across sub-Saharan Africa, marking both the progression and violation of their human rights. Using data from a study with sexual minorities in Lesotho, this analysis leveraged the social ecological model to examine relationships between stigma, human rights, and sexual health among women who have sex with women in Lesotho. A community-based participatory approach was used for the mixed-method, cross-sectional study. A total of 250 women who have sex with women completed a structured questionnaire, of which 21 participated in a total of three focus group discussions. Stigma was common within and outside the health sector. Stigma and human rights abuses were associated with increased risk for HIV and STIs. Interventions to address stigma at the structural, community, and interpersonal levels are essential to ensuring sexual health and rights for women who have sex with women in Lesotho.RésuméCes dernières années, les minorités sexuelles et sexospécifiques sont devenues de plus en plus visibles en Afrique subsaharienne, marquant à la fois la progression et la violation de leurs droits fondamentaux. En utilisant les données d’une étude sur des minorités sexuelles au Lesotho, cette analyse a exploité le modèle écologique social pour se pencher sur les rapports entre la stigmatisation, les droits de l’homme et la santé sexuelle des femmes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec des femmes au Lesotho. Une approche participative à assise communautaire a été utilisée pour l’étude transversale et à méthode mixte. Un total de 250 femmes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec des femmes ont complété un questionnaire structuré et 21 d’entre elles ont participé à un total de trois discussions par groupe d’intérêt. La stigmatisation était fréquente à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du secteur de la santé. La stigmatisation et les violations des droits de l’homme étaient associées à un risque accru de VIH et d’IST. Les interventions pour s’attaquer à la stigmatisation aux niveaux structurel, communautaire et interpersonnel sont essentielles pour garantir la santé et les droits sexuels des femmes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec des femmes au Lesotho.ResumenEn años recientes, las minorías sexuales y de género se han vuelto cada vez más visibles en Ãfrica subsahariana, lo cual indica tanto la progresión como la violación de sus derechos humanos. Utilizando datos de un estudio con minorías sexuales en Lesoto, este análisis aprovechó el modelo ecológico social para examinar las relaciones entre estigma, derechos humanos y salud sexual entre mujeres que tienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres. Para el estudio transversal con métodos combinados, se utilizó un enfoque participativo comunitario. Un total de 250 mujeres que tienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres contestaron un cuestionario estructurado; de éstas, 21 participaron en un total de 3 discusiones en grupos focales. El estigma era común dentro y fuera del sector salud. El estigma y los abusos de derechos humanos estaban asociados con mayor riesgo de contraer VIH e ITS. Las intervenciones para abordar el estigma a nivel estructural, comunitario e interpersonal son esenciales para asegurar salud y derechos sexuales para las mujeres que tienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres en Lesoto.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".