The Use of Casts in the Management of Joint Mobility and Hypertonia Following Brain Injury in Adults: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many controversies exist regarding the practicality, the theoretical premises, and the supporting evidence for the use of casts in the management of joint hypomobility and hypertonia (ie, increase in joint resistance to passive movement resulting from hyperactivity of the stretch reflex and/or changes in the muscles and connective tissues). The purpose of this review was to determine current best practice for the use of casting in the rehabilitation of adults with brain injury. A systematic review was undertaken to find studies that quantified the effectiveness of casting in adults with brain injury. Thirteen articles that presented experimental or case report evidence on casting were analyzed using Sackett's levels of evidence and were examined for scientific rigor. A grade B recommendation is given for the use of casting to increase passive range of motion or to prevent its loss, and implications for further research are provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".