Remote lung injury after experimental intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in horses.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to release of toxic molecules into the circulation, and these molecules may cause injury in remote organs such as the lung. Horses commonly suffer from episodes of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) due to intestinal twisting/strangulation followed by repair. Because there is no evidence of lung injury associated with IR in horses, we designed a study to characterize the intestinal IR-associated lung inflammation and determine the effect of lidocaine on lung inflammation in IR horses. Lung tissues were collected from non-anesthetized (n=4) and anesthetized (n=4) control horses and horses (n=12) after 70 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Horses in IR groups received Lactated Ringer's Solution (LRS; n=6) or lidocaine (n=6) intravenously. Control lungs had normal histology but lungs from IR horses showed moderate accumulation of neutrophils in blood vessels and airways. We found increased staining for TLR4, IL-8, TLR9, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) along with aggregates of vWF-positive platelets in lung vessels of IR horses compared to the controls. Lung TNFα was significantly increased in IR horses compared to the control horses (P<0.05). Neutrophil numbers, but not MPO concentrations, were significantly lower, while macrophage numbers were higher in the IR group receiving lidocaine compared to the LRS horses (P<0.05). We conclude that intestinal IR leads to remote lung injury characterized by recruitment of inflammatory cells and expression of inflammatory molecules in horses, and lidocaine may ameliorate lung inflammation following intestinal IR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".