Bibliographic record
Abstract
Even Milton Friedman, who assigned corporations only with the responsibility of increasing profits, had acknowledged that corporations are to conform to the “basic rules of the society” for their very existence. According to Friedman, the idea of social responsibility could only be voluntary. Such as view, however, ignores the entrenched nature of corporations in the social fabric. If corporations ought to pursue an irresponsible and unidirectional profit motive in negation to all other social and environmental considerations, there are moral reasons why a society would not want corporations to be constituents of the society. In the backdrop of the legally mandated corporate social responsibility (CSR) contribution in India, in this essay I argue that no real idea of responsibility can be discretionary in the sense that it depends on the whims and fancies of a corporation. If responsibility is to be real, it must be compulsory. The Constitution of India envisages such responsibility for the various social actors including the citizens and the state (and corporations, by judicial interpretation). Such an idea of obligatory responsibility, which permeates the Indian constitution, is akin to what Iris Young calls social connection responsibility that is diffused in the society rather than emanating from liability for fault.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".