The moisture content and opening of serotinous cones from lodgepole pine killed by the mountain pine beetle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aging lodgepole pine forests of Western Canada have become increasingly susceptible to insect and disease outbreaks. This is evident by the rise of mountain beetle (MPB) populations in British Columbia and Alberta. Serotinous cones of lodgepole pine require heat to open and the moisture content (MC) of cones is considered to influence the opening process. However, little is known about how tree conditions (live and dead) may affect this process. We evaluated the effects of MPB-killed trees and cone age on (1) cone MC, (2) moisture exchange, and (3) time required to open a cone after exposure to heat. The results showed active moisture exchange into and out of closed cones from both live and dead trees. Cone MC was not a main driving factor determining the time for opening the cones. Cones from dead trees had higher mean moisture content (MC), higher MC variation and took a longer time to open than those from live trees, presumably decreasing the potential for scorching of seed supply. This indicates that seeds in cones of MPB-killed stands may be better able to survive a fire than those of live trees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".