Bibliographic record
Abstract
1 The 14th International Meeting of the Leksell Gamma Knife Society was held in Quebec City, Canada, in May of 2008. This supplement to the Journal of Neurosurgery contains some of the most rigorous scientific research presented at the meeting. Since its inception in the 1950s, stereotactic radiosurgery has matured from a fringe therapy to a mainstream treatment for intracranial vascular malformations and benign and malignant tumors. In the process, this discipline has revolutionized the fields of neurosurgery and radiation oncology. There are, however, significant areas that remain to be explored. The field of spinal radiosurgery is relatively new, and the benefits of MR imaging– guided planning and precise radiosurgical dose planning with Leksell Perfexion represent intriguing possibilities. Movement disorders are currently targets of neuromodulation/stimulation procedures and stem cell research. With the combination of highly detailed anatomical images (functional MR imaging, 3-T and higher–field strength MR imaging, and magnetoencephalography), it will soon be possible to either lesion or modulate affected areas of the brain using radiation with great precision. Although the Gamma Knife (GK) has always been a dedicated neurosurgical tool, most centers have long adopted a team approach to GK surgery. Conference attendance and participation by neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and other medical specialists such as neuroendocrinologists and neuropsychologists are a testament to this type of approach. Radiosurgery has consistently taken advantage of expertise from diverse areas of medicine including neurosurgery, radiology, physics, and radiation oncology. The multidisciplinary approach affords optimal patient selection, treatment, and follow-up care. Research from these diverse groups of participants is further refining and, in some instances, redefining intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery. The scientific program at the meeting represented a mixture of honoring the past and examining ways to enhance the future outcomes of patients undergoing radiosurgery. The GK Perfexion was the focus of some of the scientific presentations and appears to represent a quantum leap in terms of GK technology. Improvements in clinical outcomes and expanding indications (for example, extracranial or fractionated approaches) with the Perfexion will require further study. The present supplement consists of peer-reviewed manuscripts from the Leksell Gamma Knife Society meeting. Each of these manuscripts details work presented at the meeting. The scientific works reflect a snapshot of current GK pursuits. With hope, this written record from the meeting will lead to widespread dissemination of important studies presented at the conference and to collaboration and innovations for future GK research. (DOI: 10.3171/JNS/2008/109/12/S1) J Neurosurg 109:1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".