Captive and free-ranging sea star disease findings from the Seattle, Washington, waterfront during the 2013 sea star ‘wasting disease’ unusual mortality event
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea star mortality in several genera including Pycnopodia and Pisaster was unusually high along the west coast of the United States, September-current (December) 2013. Captive and free-ranging animals were analyzed for signs of disease using a variety of diagnostics including cytology, microbiology, histopathology, and transmission electron microscopy. Mortality in regions of the Seattle waterfront and in the captive collection of Pycnopodia maintained at the Seattle Aquarium (n=48) was 100%. Disease was initially observed only in Pycnopodia species (specifically the Sunflower sea star) and over the period of ~ 1 month included a variety of other sea stars including Pisaster and Evasterias. Mortality rates in affected regions of the Salish sea continues to be high (December, 2013). Multiple organizations and collaborators (Cornell University, Wildlife Conservation Society, SeaDoc Society, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Vancouver Aquarium, USGS National Wildlife Health Center, and NW ZooPath) are participating in the ongoing efforts to determine the cause of this unusual mortality event in sea stars. The results to-date of the disease investigation by the Seattle Aquarium and others will be presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".