Investigation of personality in subdominant male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and its relation to somatic cost and reproductive success
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Animal personalities are individual behavioural tendencies that are consistent across time and context. The presence of personality has yet to be assessed in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), a species where subdominant males may attempt to gain access to females within a harem while risking physical confrontation with a dominant male. I investigated bold-shy personality in subdominant male reindeer based on individual subdominant male propensity to penetrate into a mating group and flight initiation distance. I also investigated how boldness related to somatic cost and reproductive success, respectively. Data was collected at the Kutuharju Reindeer Research Station in Kaamanen, Finland, where measures of personality were generated using field observation data based on the relative frequency of dominant male-subdominant male agonistic interactions over four years and subdominant male flight initiation distance measured over one year. Individual propensity to penetrate a mating group was not significantly repeatable and therefore not a personality trait, but instead decreased with subdominant male weight and group sex ratio, and was best described by a quadratic relationship with day of the mating season. There was no relationship between propensity and relative weight loss or reproductive success. Subject to no discernable fitness consequences related to propensity to penetrate a mating group, individuals do not adopt personalities and may instead base decisions on proximate factors. Flight initiation distance increased with starting distance and was negatively related to trial number. Individual flight initiation distance was significantly repeatable and therefore indicated personality differences along the bold-shy axis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".