The importance of a band at 709 nm for interpreting water-leaving spectral radiance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present examples of spectra from ocean and coastal waters observed with the optical satellite imager MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer), which demonstrate the importance of a spectral band near 709 nm. For MERIS, this band has been shown to improve detection and study of a variety of intense, surface plankton blooms and was also instrumental in making the first satellite detection of pelagic Sargassum. The 709 nm band determines the maximum chlorophyll index (MCI), which can be used to detect a variety of features resulting from the absorption properties of chlorophyll a. A significant feature of the available spectral information is the "red edge" between 680 and 750 nm, characteristic of reflectance spectra of vegetation on land. The 709 nm band provides an observation close to the centre of this edge, helping to give a precise edge position. This paper discusses observations of Sargassum, of a variety of types of plankton bloom, and of blooms occurring in the high sediment concentrations characteristic of river plumes. We also discuss the extent to which the phytoplankton group of blooms can be distinguished using the MERIS data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".