67. Hydrological Processes and Water Balance for the Dead Creek Watershed of Southeastern Manitoba, 1982–1995
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrological investigations were carried out over a 14-year period in the Canadian Shield of southeastern Manitoba (50°N 95°W) as part of the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. The purpose of these investigations was to increase understanding of surface and subsurface flow and to use this information to develop defensible models of groundwater flow in granitic terrain environments. Continuous measurements were made to determine the quantities of the major water budget components: precipitation, runoff, surface and subsurface storage for the Dead Creek watershed and two catchments of southeastern Manitoba. Annual precipitation on the watershed for the study period ranged from 340 mm in 1983 to 639 mm in 1995 and averaged 526 mm. Annual basin yield varied from 2% in 1988 to 35% in 1992 and 1993, and averaged 103 mm. While the Teako Creek catchment runoff ratio (0.22) was similar to that of the Dead Creek watershed (0.20), the Wild Goose catchment runoff ratio was significantly less (0.12). This difference is believed to be due to Wild Goose catchment having less outcrop and more depression storage area, resulting in more surface water retention and higher evaporation. The annual groundwater contribution to streamflow represents only a small component, estimated at 1–2%, of the total annual basin yield. Evapotranspiration accounts for most of the annual water loss from the watershed, an average of 423 mm. This water loss causes large soil moisture deficit in overburden deposits, and complete or partial moisture restoration is dependent on spring snowmelt and early summer rainfall.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".