Pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli decrease ion secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
E. coli enteric bacteria consist of commensal and pathogenic strains, including enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli . The genetically similar mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium decreases ion secretion in vivo . Our aim was to investigate how E. coli strains affect secretion in vitro . Exposure of T84 cell monolayers to EPEC or EHEC for 4 hr significantly decreased the response to the cAMP‐dependent secretagogue, forskolin, without altering Ca 2+ ‐dependent secretion as measured in Ussing chambers. EPEC mutants deficient in flagellin, bundle forming pili, Type III secretion, Tir or intimin invoked similar hyposecretory responses, indicating that these factors are not involved. Pre‐treatment with the apoptosis inhibitor Z‐VAD did not alter this effect. Lab strain (HB101) and human commensal (C1, C28/2, F18) E. coli decreased secretion to a similar extent. Heat‐killed or paraformaldehyde‐fixed EPEC, sterile culture medium or E. coli lipopolysaccharides did not cause hyposecretion. Adenylate cyclase activity is not altered by EPEC, as a cAMP assay showed no change in baseline or stimulated levels. EPEC does not alter protein levels of CFTR or NKCC1 as shown by Western blot. We conclude that pathogenic and commensal E. coli decrease cAMP‐dependent ion secretion in vitro by an unknown bacterial factor, downstream of cAMP production. Funded by III Summit Foundation & CCFC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".