Morphological and functional recovery from diaphragm injury: an in vivo rat diaphragm injury model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our objective was to develop an in vivo model to study the timing and mechanisms underlying diaphragm injury and repair. Diaphragm injury was induced in anesthetized rats by the application of a 100 mM caffeine solution for a 10-min period to the right abdominal diaphragm surface. Diaphragms were removed 1, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and 10 days after the injury, with contractile function being assessed in strips in vitro by force-frequency curves. The extent of caffeine-induced membrane injury was indicated by the percentage of fibers with a fluorescent cytoplasm revealed by inward leakage of the procion orange dye. One hour after caffeine exposure, 32.9 +/- 3.1 (SE) % of fibers showed membrane injury that resulted in 70% loss of muscle force. Within 72-96 h, the percentage of fluorescent cells decreased to control values. Muscle force, however, was still reduced by 30%. Complete muscle strength recovery was observed 10 days after the injury. Whereas diaphragmatic fiber repair occurred within 4 days after injury induction, force recovery took up to 10 days. We suggest that the caffeine-damaged rat diaphragm is a useful model to study the timing and mechanisms of muscle injury and repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".