L'insolvabilité en contexte international et l'attitude des tribunaux canadians (International Insolvability and Canadian Tribunals)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: A l'aube de l'entree en vigueur de la Loi edictant la Loi sur le Programme de protection des salaries et modifiant la Loi sur la faillite et l'insolvabilite, la Loi sur les arrangements avec les creanciers et d'autres lois en consequences, LC 2005 c. C-47, la legislation canadienne sur l'insolvabilite faisant l'objet d'une ambitieuse reforme, le present article vise a jeter un eclairage nouveau sur l'insolvabilite dans un contexte international. Les Etats modemes ne peuvent vivre dans l'isolement le plus complet C'est ainsi que s'exprimait la Cour supreme dans l'arret Morguard il y a plus de quinze ans, posant les fondations de l'attitude que devaient maintenant adopter les tribunaux canadiens face aux probleemes juridiques internationaux, tant sur le plan de la competence des tribunaux que celui de la reconnaissance judiciaire des decisions emanant d'autorites etrangeres. Cette attitude devait maintenant etre impregnee par des valeurs de cooperation et de courtoisie, favorisant une approche basee sur la reconnaissance judiciaire facilitee des ordonnances etrangeres, sur la resolution efficace des conflits de lois et sur la marginalisation des problemes lies a la competence des tribunaux. Comment se traduisent ces principes dans la restructuration d'entreprises ayant des ramifications commerciales dans plus d'une juridiction? Doit-on adopter une attitude territorialiste en favorisant l'introduction de procedures paralleles et autonomes dans chacune des juridictions impliquees? Ou plutot, doit-on favoriser l'etablissement d'un forum principal, la juridiction ayant le lien substantiel et reel le plus important avec l'insolvabilite de la debitrice, les autres juridictions etant releguees a un role accessoire, se mettant a la disposition du forum principal afin de favoriser une administration rapide et efficace de la faillite ou de la restructuration du debiteur? Et alors, quel droit appliquer? Ces questions forment la trame de fonds de l'analyse proposee dans le present article, analyse qui sera ponctuee d'une revue de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine marquante en plus de faire reference aux dispositions adoptees, mais toujours non en vigueur, de la Loi C-47 ainsi qu'aux divers traites internationaux en vigueur. English Abstract: As the Act to establish the Wage Earner Protection Program Act, to amend the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act and the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and to make consequential amendments, S.C. 2005, c. C-47, operating an ambitious reform of insolvency legislation in Canada, is about to come into force, this article aims to shed light on the concept of insolvency in an international context.Modem states cannot live in splendid isolation. This language used by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Morguard case more than fifteen years ago lays the foundations of the attitude that Canadian Courts should now adopt with respect to international legal problems, namely the issue of courts' jurisdiction and the judicial recognition of decisions rendered by foreign courts. This attitude should now be infused with a spirit of cooperation and courtesy with a view to encouraging an approach based on the judicial recognition of foreign court orders, the efficient solution of conflicts of laws and the marginalization of court jurisdiction-linked problems.How do the above principles transfer in the restructuring of businesses involved in commercial dealings having in impact in more than one jurisdiction? Should they adopt a territorialist attitude that provide for parallel and autonomous procedures in each of the jurisdictions concerned? Or would the best practice consist in determining the main forum based on the jurisdiction that is substantially and physically most closely related to the insolvent debtor, thereby relegating other jurisdictions to the accessory role of assisting the main forum as needed to ensure the rapid and effi- cient administration of bankruptcy issues, and to facilitate the debtor's restructuring? What law should then apply? These are the main areas of focus of this article. The analysis includes a review of the leading case law and doctrine, with reference to the adopted provisions of Bill C-47 not yet in force, and to the provisions of several international treaties currently in force.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".